<text><span class="style42"></span><span class="style12">ERITREA</span><span class="style14"></span><span class="style42">Official name:</span><span class="style13"> Eritrea</span><span class="style42">Member of: </span><span class="style13">UN, OAU</span><span class="style42">Area: </span><span class="style13">117400 km2 (45300 sq mi)</span><span class="style42">Population: </span><span class="style13">3670000 (1993 est)</span><span class="style42">Capital:</span><span class="style13"> Asmara (Asmera) 344000 (1991 est)</span><span class="style42">Other major city: </span><span class="style13">Massawa (Mitsiwa) 40000 (1991 est)</span><span class="style42">Languages: </span><span class="style13">Tigrinya (majority), Tigre, Arabic</span><span class="style42">Religions: </span><span class="style13">Sunni Islam (50%), Coptic Christian (under 50%), Roman Catholic minority</span><span class="style42">GOVERNMENT</span><span class="style13">The Eritrean PeopleΓÇÖs Liberation Front (EPLF) took control of Eritrea in 1991 and formed a provisional government for a period not exceeding four years. A new constitution and a multi-party system are scheduled to be introduced in 1995.</span><span class="style42">GEOGRAPHY</span><span class="style13">Eritrea is physically an extension of the Ethiopian high plateau, although there are low coastal plains. The country includes the Dahlak Islands in the Red Sea. </span><span class="style42">Climate: </span><span class="style13">Eritrea has a dry tropical climate.</span><span class="style42">ECONOMY</span><span class="style13">A 30-year war of secession has shattered the economy and substantial foreign aid will be needed for reconstruction. Most Eritreans are involved in agriculture, growing sorghum or keeping livestock for hides (the main export), but aridity is a major problem. Before the war of independence, Eritrea was one of the most industrialized areas of Africa and some industries, including footwear and textiles, remain. </span><span class="style42">Currency: </span><span class="style13">Ethiopian currency is used provisionally.</span><span class="style42">HISTORY</span><span class="style13">The region was part of the (Ethiopian) kingdom of Aksum (4thΓÇô6th centuries), but largely retained independence until it fell to the (Turkish) Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. After 1870 the region was disputed by Egypt and Ethiopia, but in 1889 a third player, Italy, arrived on the scene. The Italian colony of Eritrea was created in 1890. Used as a base for ItalyΓÇÖs conquest of Ethiopia (1935ΓÇô36), Eritrea came under British rule in 1941 when Italy was removed from East Africa. In 1952, the territory was federated as an autonomous state with Ethiopia, but its incorporation as an Ethiopian province in 1962 sparked a rebellion against Ethiopia that lasted until 1991. By 1977 the EPLF (see above) controlled most of the region. In 1991, after the EPLF was instrumental in toppling the Communist government in Ethiopia, Eritrea effectively seceded from Ethiopia. After a referendum produced an overwhelming majority in favor of independence, Eritrea gained internationally recognized statehood in 1993.</span></text>